1. General information on chronic health conditions

Contents: General information, Examples of chronic health conditions, Chronic pain, Chronic fatigue, Chronic dizziness, Interactions with other health conditions. 

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Chronic health conditions encompass a wide range of health conditions that persist over a long period or are permanent, and which can impair bodily functions, activities and participation. In medical terms, the term “chronic” means “long-lasting” and/or “developing slowly”. Chronic health conditions often follow an episodic course, with periods of stability alternating with periods of increased impairment. Stress, infections or environmental factors can exacerbate symptoms. However, some conditions also follow a steady course.

Many chronic health conditions are classified as invisible impairments. This means that they are often not immediately noticeable to outsiders. This invisibility can lead to misunderstandings, prejudice or stigmatisation, as the limitations are not always visibly apparent.

Examples of chronic health conditions

Chronic health conditions can affect almost any system in the body and have varying impacts on daily life, activity levels and participation. These include, amongst others:

• allergies;
• arthritis and other inflammatory joint conditions;
• respiratory conditions (e.g. asthma);
• chronic lung diseases;
• chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS);
• diabetes mellitus;
• musculoskeletal disorders;
• epilepsy;
• skin conditions (e.g. atopic dermatitis);
• cardiovascular disease (e.g. high blood pressure);
• HIV infection;
• cancer;
• health conditions of the digestive system (e.g. Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis);
• migraine;
• multiple sclerosis (MS);
• neuromuscular disorders;
• neurological disorders (e.g. Parkinson’s disease);
• kidney diseases;
• rheumatism;
• thyroid disorders;
• sleep disorders;
• after-effects of a stroke;
• Osteoporosis (bone loss);
• mental health conditions.

Chronic health conditions are generally not completely curable and often require ongoing or recurrent treatment to alleviate symptoms and maintain functional ability.

Chronic pain

Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts for more than three months. It can occur in various parts of the body – such as the back, neck, head, joints or muscles – and can be triggered by many causes, e.g. disorders of the musculoskeletal system, nerve damage or injuries.

Chronic pain can affect attention and concentration. As pain is often invisible, it is sometimes underestimated by those around us.

Chronic fatigue

People with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) experience persistent, severe fatigue that does not improve with rest and may even worsen with physical or mental activity. Common accompanying symptoms include muscle pain, sleep disturbances, and problems with memory and concentration. These can significantly affect a person’s ability to carry out everyday activities and participate in social life. The severity of symptoms varies greatly from person to person.

Chronic dizziness

Chronic dizziness can result from impairment of the vestibular system or from neurological or cardiovascular causes. It can impact activities such as walking, working, driving or sleeping. Dizziness can lead to balance difficulties and an increased risk of falling. A proper medical assessment is important, as underlying conditions such as a stroke or tumours may be responsible.

Interactions with other health conditions

Chronic health conditions may co-occur with mental health conditions or other physical impairments. This gives rise to varying needs for support, treatment and assistance. Strategies, technologies and aids should be tailored to each individual’s specific circumstances in order to promote independence and participation.