1. What is a model?

Contents: Distinction between theory and definition, explanation of terms.

Models must be clearly distinguished from theories and definitions. Whilst a theory aims to systematically explain interrelationships and consists of scientifically substantiated statements used to understand, classify and explain certain phenomena, a model seeks to provide a simplified representation of an object or situation and to highlight selected aspects (Hirschberg, 2022, p. 94).

Definitions, in turn, unambiguously establish the meaning of a term and determine exactly what is meant by it, how broadly the term is defined and where its boundaries lie. Definitions fulfil different functions depending on the context in which they are used:

• Legal definitions are legally binding, for example when they specify who is entitled to certain services.
• Medical definitions classify phenomena as diseases or diagnoses and often form the basis for therapeutic measures or entitlements under social legislation.
• Scientific definitions serve to facilitate understanding within an area of expertise and are valid primarily within the relevant scientific discourse.

Models, on the other hand, do not define terms but provide a framework for interpreting and classifying facts of the case (Hirschberg, 2022, p. 94).