Digital and E-Exams
Digital and e-exams have become an integral part of higher education. Whilst they offer many advantages, including flexibility, efficiency and new teaching opportunities, they can present significant challenges for students with impairments, chronic or mental illnesses. Accessibility is therefore an essential aspect of ensuring equal opportunities and enabling all students to participate fairly in examinations.
The following content will provide you with a basic understanding of accessible digital examinations in higher education. You will learn about the relevant legal requirements, the technical and didactical measures that enhance accessibility, and how to design examinations so that all students can participate on an equal footing.
As digital examination formats are constantly evolving, it is not possible to provide fixed step-by-step instructions. Instead, you will be provided with questions and information relating to accessibility and e-exams, which will help you to understand the principles of accessible e-exams and apply them to the current technical environment. This will provide you – as a lecturer, examination officer or university staff member – with guidance to develop your own solutions tailored to the specific situation.
Note: The content is taken from the project ‘SHUFFLE – Hochschulinitiative digitale Barrierefreiheit für Alle’ and has been adapted.
1. Accessibility: Fundamentals and the legal framework
You will receive background information on the legal aspects, as well as a list of potential obst...
1.1 Fundamentals and Rights
Contents: Legal principles. To enable all students to participate equally in educational processe...
1.2 Barriers encountered when implementing E-Exams
Contents: Barriers to implementation, those who benefit. When implementing e-exams, numerous bar...
Bibliography
Bandtel, M., Baume, M., Brinkmann, E., Bedenlier, S., Budde, J., Eugster, B., Ghoneim, A., Halbhe...
2. Digital and E-Exams
The following section distinguishes between the terms ‘digital examinations’ and ‘e-examinations’...
2.1 Definitions and Distinctions between Digital and E-Exams
Contents: Definition of digital examinations, definition of e-examinations. Please note that the ...
2.2 Advantages of Digital Examinations over Paper-Based Exams
Contents: List of the advantages of digital examinations. The digitisation of higher education ex...
2.3 Types of Questions in Digital Examinations
Contents: Types of examinations and their associated accessibility considerations. Types of digit...
2.4 Further Information on Accessible E-Exams
1. What are E-Exams? The term ‘e-exams’ stands for electronic examinations (e-assessment) and is ...
Bibliography
Bandtel, M., Baume, M., Brinkmann, E., Bedenlier, S., Budde, J., Eugster, B., Ghoneim, A., Halbhe...
3. Implementing accessible E-exams
The accompanying guide brings together key information and is supplemented by a collection of que...
3.1 Checklist: Accessible E-exams
Contents: Checkpoints for before the exam, during the exam and after the exam. An alternative ver...
3.2 Guidelines on digitally accessible E-exams
Contents: Basic information on e-exams, exam formats, question types, tips and tricks, and disadv...
3.3 List of Questions regarding the Procedure for online Examinations
Contents: A collection of sample questions on the procedure for online examinations. The collect...
Bibliography
Althoff, K., Johannfunke, M., Matzel, D. & Cetin, H. (2025). Barrierefreie digitale Prüfungen. SH...